The type of soil beneath your outdoor structures plays a major role in whether settling or heaving will occur. Expansive clays or soils that retain moisture are prone to swelling in wet conditions (leading to heaving) and shrinking in dry conditions (leading to settling). Sandy or loose soils can shift and settle over time.

Changes in moisture levels, such as prolonged wet conditions or drought, can cause the ground beneath your steps or structure to expand or contract. Freeze-thaw cycles, where water in the soil freezes and thaws, can also exacerbate these issues, leading to uneven movement.

If the base of your porch, deck, stairs, patio, or balcony wasn’t properly compacted or leveled during installation, the weight of the structure can cause it to shift or sink over time. Additionally, an inadequate or shallow foundation may not provide sufficient support to prevent settling or heaving.

Poor drainage can contribute to both settling and heaving. If water isn’t directed away from the foundation of your structure, it can erode the soil or cause it to swell, which affects the stability of your steps and surrounding areas.

Tree roots can exert pressure on the soil and structure, causing uneven movement. Additionally, certain landscaping features, like overgrown plants or shrubs near the foundation, can disrupt the soil and contribute to settling or heaving.

If you notice that steps are no longer level or that the surfaces of your patio, porch, or deck have sunken or raised areas, it’s likely due to settling or heaving of the underlying soil.

Settling or heaving can cause materials like concrete, brick, or wood to crack or break. Cracks in steps, patios, or railings are a clear sign of uneven movement caused by shifts in the ground.

If doors or windows near the structure become difficult to open or close, or if you notice gaps forming around frames, it could indicate that the foundation has shifted due to settling or heaving of the surrounding soil.

Gaps between steps, deck boards, or between the structure and the ground are often signs that the base has moved. These gaps may appear suddenly and become more noticeable over time as the soil continues to shift.

If you observe that parts of your patio, stairs, or deck are sinking into the ground or have raised significantly compared to other areas, settling or heaving has likely occurred.

Uneven steps or surfaces are a serious safety concern, particularly for those who are elderly or have mobility issues. Tripping or slipping hazards increase when the structure shifts, which can lead to falls and injuries.

Ongoing settling or heaving can cause irreversible damage to the materials of your porch, deck, stairs, or patio. Cracked or broken concrete, loose railings, or damaged wood can compromise the integrity of the structure, making it unsafe or unsightly.

Uneven surfaces can lead to poor water drainage, causing water to pool in certain areas. Pooling water can result in erosion, increased wear on materials, and potential damage to the foundation of the structure.

Uneven or shifting steps, patios, or balconies can significantly detract from the appearance of your home. Visible cracks, misaligned structures, or raised surfaces create an unkempt look that affects curb appeal.

Failure to address settling or heaving early on can lead to costly repairs. Replacing cracked surfaces, reinforcing foundations, or rebuilding parts of the structure can become expensive if the problem is left unchecked.

Ensure that your outdoor structure has a solid foundation. The foundation should be made of durable materials and placed deep enough to prevent shifting due to soil movement. Concrete footings or piers are typically used to provide stability and support.

Proper drainage around the structure is critical. Ensure that gutters and downspouts direct water away from the foundation and that the ground is graded correctly to allow water to flow away from the base of the structure. Adding drainage systems like French drains or surface drains can help alleviate moisture buildup.

If the soil beneath the structure is unstable, it may need to be stabilized. This can be done by adding materials like gravel or compacted soil to help prevent excessive moisture retention or soil movement.

If the damage is significant, you may need to resurface or rebuild sections of your porch, deck, or stairs. This may involve replacing cracked concrete, releveling the base, or even rebuilding steps to ensure they are stable and secure.

When building patios, decks, or steps with concrete or stone, using expansion joints can help accommodate the natural movement of the structure and prevent cracking due to soil movement.

If the settling or heaving is severe or the structure shows signs of significant damage, it’s advisable to consult with a professional contractor or structural engineer. They can assess the underlying cause and recommend the appropriate corrective measures.